Environmental degradation in the Kagera Basin has led to the drying up of several surface water sources such as springs, especially along the river.

The Kagera river basin connects the Ruvubhu and Akagera rivers at Rusumo and eventually drains into Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile River. The basin’s population includes more than 14 million people from Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, and a small part of Uganda, who are in danger of suffering from an outbreak of diseases due to a lack of clean and safe water. 

Chimpanzees are facing the threat of extinction due to an increase in deaths and other threats including habitat destruction (natural forests) depletion of reserves, food shortages as well as disease.