Most of the Karagwe district residents use surface and groundwater simultaneously.

Environmental degradation in the Kagera Basin has led to the drying up of several surface water sources such as springs, especially along the river.

Most villages in Tanzania do not have even a single litter bin. In many parts of the shores of Lake Victoria, plastics are everywhere. The fishing community is blamed for using illegal fishing nets made out of plastic A 2015 study conducted in the Mwanza region of Tanzania found evidence of microplastics in at least 20% of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) species.